Explore the similarities between presidential slogans from 1840 through today

This graphic explores 198 presidential slogans from the past 176 years. Each node represents a slogan. The node's color corresponds to the candidate's party. If a candidate won their campaign, the node is solid. On mouseover, each node will reveal the candidate's name and the campaign election year.

Similarity was determined by applying complete hierarchical clustering to the cosine similarity between each slogan's text. Slogans were tokenized, lemmatized, and assigned a term frequency-inverse document frequency (tf-idf) value and inserted into a document-term matrix. Slogans closest to the left experienced higher overall similarity values.

Katherine Schinkel, 2016